@article {1417932,
	title = {Pathway toward carbon-neutral electrical systems in China by mid-century with negative CO<sub>2</sub> abatement costs informed by high-resolution modeling},
	journal = {Joule},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2021},
	note = {<a data-url="https://chinaproject.harvard.edu/files/chinaproject/files/ef-report-grid.pdf?m=1635805106" href="https://chinaproject.harvard.edu/files/chinaproject/files/ef-report-grid.pdf?m=1635805106" title="">Read the Research Brief</a>},
	pages = {2715-2741},
	abstract = {China, the largest global CO2\&nbsp;emitter, recently announced ambitious targets for carbon neutrality by 2060. Its technical and economic feasibility is unclear given severe renewable integration barriers. Here, we developed a cross-sector, high-resolution assessment model to quantify optimal energy structures on provincial bases for different years. Hourly power system simulations for all provinces for a full year are incorporated on the basis of comprehensive grid data to quantify the renewable balancing costs. Results indicate that the conventional strategy of employing local wind, solar, and storage to realize 80\% renewable penetration by 2050 would incur a formidable decarbonization cost of $27/ton despite lower levelized costs for renewables. Coordinated deployment of renewables, ultra-high-voltage transmissions, storages, Power-to-gas and slow-charging electric vehicles can reduce this carbon abatement cost to as low as $-25/ton. Were remaining emissions removed by\&nbsp;<a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/carbon-capture-and-storage" title="Learn more about carbon capture and sequestration from ScienceDirect{\textquoteright}s AI-generated Topic Pages">carbon capture and sequestration</a>\&nbsp;technologies, achieving carbon neutrality could be not only feasible but also cost-competitive post 2050.},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2542435121004505?dgcid=coauthor},
	author = {Chen, Xinyu and Yaxing Liu and Qin Wang and Jiajun Lv and Wen, Jinyu and Xia Chen and Kang, Chongqing and Shijie Cheng and Michael McElroy}
}
