@article {1433382,
	title = {Impacts of large-scale deployment of mountainous wind farms on wintertime regional air quality in the Beijing-Tian-Hebei area},
	journal = {Atmospheric Environment},
	volume = {278},
	year = {2022},
	abstract = {The development of wind power plays an essential role in achieving China{\textquoteright}s carbon neutrality goals and air quality standards. A large number of studies have addressed the benefits of substituting fossil fuels with wind power on climate and air quality (defined as indirect impact) by macro-scale methodology. In recent years, more and more researchers have discussed its impacts on the general\&nbsp;<a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/atmospheric-circulation" title="Learn more about atmospheric circulation from ScienceDirect{\textquoteright}s AI-generated Topic Pages">atmospheric circulation</a>\&nbsp;and air pollution dispersion (defined as direct impact) by parameterizing wind energy extraction in meso-micro scale models. However, the comprehensive investigation (considering both direct and indirect impacts) of the utilization of wind power on atmosphere environmental impacts remains vacant. Our study first evaluated both the direct and indirect impacts of wind power on air quality through an integrated methodological framework by using WRF-CMAQ system. The present analysis took wind farms located in Zhangjiakou to explore their impacts on air quality in winter, particularly over the downwind Beijing municipal area in the North China Plain. Results indicated that the deployment of wind power leads to spatially mixed direct impacts on PM2.5\&nbsp;concentrations in Beijing with a monthly net increase of 0.067\&nbsp;μg/m3\&nbsp;(0.08\%) relative to the regional average. Contrarily, the substitution of coal-burning with wind power in rural household heating would result in notable indirect benefits to monthly PM2.5\&nbsp;concentrations in Beijing, specifically, reducing emissions of CO2\&nbsp;and conventional\&nbsp;<a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/air-pollutant" title="Learn more about air pollutants from ScienceDirect{\textquoteright}s AI-generated Topic Pages">air pollutants</a>\&nbsp;by 64\% in rural heating sector. The combined impacts of wind power displayed regional differences: in the wintertime (January), Zhangjiakou PM2.5\&nbsp;concentrations increased (+0.147\&nbsp;μg/m3) whereas, decreases are achieved (-5.642\&nbsp;μg/m3) in Beijing. Therefore, to support the large-scale deployment of wind power, future energy policies should take comprehensive account of the diverse environmental impacts, including both the indirect benefits of fossil energy substitution and the potential direct atmospheric effects on regional air quality.},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S135223102200139X?dgcid=coauthor},
	author = {Ziwen Ruan and Lu, Xi and Wang, Shuxiao and Xing, Jia and Wei Wang and Chen, Dan and Nielsen, Chris P. and Yong Luo and He, Kebin and Hao, Jiming}
}
