@article {47496,
	title = {Establishment of a database of emission factors for atmospheric pollutant emissions from Chinese coal-fired power plants},
	journal = {Atmospheric Environment},
	volume = {44},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {1515-1523},
	abstract = {Field measurements and data investigations were conducted for developing an emission factor database for inventories of atmospheric pollutants from Chinese coal-fired power plants. Gaseous pollutants and particulate matter (PM) of different size fractions were measured using a gas analyzer and an electric low-pressure impactor (ELPI), respectively, for ten units in eight coal-fired power plants across the country. Combining results of field tests and literature surveys, emission factors with 95\% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by boiler type, fuel quality, and emission control devices using bootstrap and Monte Carlo simulations. The emission factor of uncontrolled SO<sub>2</sub> from pulverized combustion (PC) boilers burning bituminous or anthracite coal was estimated to be 18.0S\&nbsp;kg\&nbsp;t<sup>-1</sup> (i.e., 18.0\&nbsp;{\texttimes}\&nbsp;the percentage sulfur content of coal, S) with a 95\% CI of 17.2S{\textendash}18.5S. NO<sub>X</sub> emission factors for pulverized-coal boilers ranged from 4.0 to 11.2\&nbsp;kg\&nbsp;t<sup>-1</sup>, with uncertainties of 14{\textendash}45\% for different unit types. The emission factors of uncontrolled PM<sub>2.5</sub>, PM<sub>10</sub>, and total PM emitted by PC boilers were estimated to be 0.4A (where A is the percentage ash content of coal), 1.5A and 6.9A\&nbsp;kg\&nbsp;t<sup>-1</sup>, respectively, with 95\% CIs of 0.3A{\textendash}0.5A, 1.1A{\textendash}1.9A and 5.8A{\textendash}7.9A. The analogous PM values for emissions with electrostatic precipitator (ESP) controls were 0.032A (95\% CI: 0.021A{\textendash}0.046A), 0.065A (0.039A{\textendash}0.092A) and 0.094A (0.0656A{\textendash}0.132A)\&nbsp;kg\&nbsp;t<sup>-1</sup>, and 0.0147A (0.0092{\textendash}0.0225A), 0.0210A (0.0129A{\textendash}0.0317A), and 0.0231A (0.0142A{\textendash}0.0348A) for those with both ESP and wet flue-gas desulfurization (wet-FGD). SO<sub>2</sub> and NO<sub>X</sub> emission factors for Chinese power plants were smaller than those of U.S. EPA AP-42 database, due mainly to lower heating values of coals in China. PM emission factors for units with ESP, however, were generally larger than AP-42 values, because of poorer removal efficiencies of Chinese dust collectors. For units with advanced emission control technologies, more field measurements are needed to reduce emission factor uncertainties.},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1352231010000439},
	author = {Zhao, Yu and Wang, Shuxiao and Nielsen, Chris P and Li, Xinghua and Hao, Jiming}
}
