# Working Papers, Preprints, Media Articles, and Policy Briefs ## expand\_more The Harvard-China Project is a research program stressing peer-reviewed publication, especially articles in scholarly journals and books from academic presses. Click [here](https://chinaproject.harvard.edu/publications) for the full list of these primary research outputs of the Project. The Project also interacts with policy and industry actors, and we produce occasional Research or Policy Briefs, and other public commentaries (op-eds) for these audiences based on our research that are not peer-reviewed. We also have working papers to share results and invite discussion. This page provides links to such non-peer-reviewed articles. [### Policy Options to Achieve US Sustainable Aviation Fuel Targets ](/news/2025/10/policy-options-achieve-us-sustainable-aviation-fuel-targets) October 03, 2025 Decarbonizing aviation in the short term will likely entail replacing large quantities of petroleum jet fuel with sustainable aviation fuels (SAFs), which are predominantly biofuels. In the United States, biofuels are currently used as substitutes for... [Jingran Zhang](/people/jingran-zhang) ![adobe stock - aviation](/sites/g/files/omnuum3496/files/styles/hwp_16_9__480x270/public/2025-10/AdobeStock_365895620_Editorial_Use_Only-1536x1024.jpeg?itok=1HENx26S) [### Logistics for a Low-Carbon Economy: Hydrogen and Ammonia Distribution. Opportunities and Challenges ](/news/2025/06/logistics-low-carbon-economy-hydrogen-and-ammonia-distribution-opportunities-and) June 03, 2025 Clean hydrogen is emerging as a key energy carrier in the transition to a low-carbon economy. However, its large-scale distribution presents significant logistical challenges. Multiple transportation methods are available, ranging from pipelines and... [Nicola De Blasio](/people/nicola-de-blasio) ![Nicola De Blasio article](/sites/g/files/omnuum3496/files/styles/hwp_16_9__480x270/public/2025-10/Screenshot%202025-10-03%20at%209.36.05%E2%80%AFAM.png?itok=5UC1SpJa) [### Harnessing Clean Hydrogen Mobility: Opportunities and Challenges ](/news/2024/10/harnessing-clean-hydrogen-mobility-opportunities-and-challenges) October 03, 2024 The global transition to a low-carbon economy and adopting the needed clean energy technologies at scale will significantly impact existing value chains 1 and transform production-to-consumption lifecycles. Regulatory and business models must rapidly... [Nicola De Blasio](/people/nicola-de-blasio) ![De Blasio article](/sites/g/files/omnuum3496/files/styles/hwp_16_9__480x270/public/2025-10/Screenshot%202025-10-03%20at%209.23.09%E2%80%AFAM.png?itok=4sh5Fv4J) [### Carbon Markets and Carbon Tariffs: Effect on World Trade and Emissions ](/news/2023/04/carbon-markets-and-carbon-tariffs-effect-world-trade-and-emissions) April 01, 2023 This appendix describes the global economic growth model used in Hu, Cao and Ho (2022) to simulate the impact of greenhouse-gas (GHG) emissions control policies and the parallel border carbon adjustment policies. Section 3 of the main text summarizes the... [Jing Cao](/people/jing-cao) , [Mun S. Ho](/people/mun-s-ho) ![Carbon](/sites/g/files/omnuum3496/files/styles/hwp_16_9__480x270/public/2026-04/AdobeStock_215905538_0.jpeg?itok=gFFQQDAC) [### Economic-Environmental Model of China, Disaggregated Electricity ](/news/2022/11/economic-environmental-model-china-disaggregated-electricity) November 05, 2022 An appendix of the paper Cao, Ho and Liu (2023). “ Analyzing multi-greenhouse gas mitigation of China using a general equilibrium model ,” Environmental Research Letters , 18, 025001. In this appendix we describe the economic-environment model for China... [Jing Cao](/people/jing-cao) , [Mun S. Ho](/people/mun-s-ho) ![electricity](/sites/g/files/omnuum3496/files/styles/hwp_16_9__480x270/public/2026-04/AdobeStock_318654463.jpeg?itok=ljk_7RCD) [### Op-Ed in Fortune by Ho and Nielsen on China's Red Alert Pollution Struggles ](/news/op-ed-fortune-ho-and-nielsen-chinas-red-alert-pollution-struggles) January 10, 2017 Project Economist Mun HO and Executive Director Chris NIELSEN have an op-ed in Fortune (and in Chinese at Fortune China) on the underappreciated reasons China's red alert air pollution episodes are proving so difficult to control. Factors range from... [Chris P. Nielsen](/people/chris-p-nielsen) , [Mun S. Ho](/people/mun-s-ho) ![pollution - Shanghai](/sites/g/files/omnuum3496/files/styles/hwp_16_9__480x270/public/2026-04/AdobeStock_239700884.jpeg?itok=AkRaG7iU) [### Impacts of Carbon Pricing in Reducing ](/news/2016/06/impacts-carbon-pricing-reducing) June 01, 2016 In contributing to global climate change mitigation efforts as agreed in Paris in 2015, China has set a target of reducing the carbon dioxide intensity of gross domestic product by 60-65 percent in 2030 compared with 2005 levels. Using a dynamic... [Jing Cao](/people/jing-cao) , [Mun S. Ho](/people/mun-s-ho) ![Carbon Pricing](/sites/g/files/omnuum3496/files/styles/hwp_16_9__480x270/public/2026-04/AdobeStock_620124116.jpeg?itok=A4CF6vym) [### New York Times Sunday Op-Ed: Clearing the Air In China ](/news/new-york-times-op-ed-clearing-air-china) October 27, 2013 Chris Nielsen, China Project Executive Director, and Mun Ho, Visiting Scholar in Economics, had an op-ed in the Sunday Review of the New York Times on October 27, 2013. Click here to see the article. The op-ed describes the challenges to China of... [Chris P. Nielsen](/people/chris-p-nielsen) , [Mun S. Ho](/people/mun-s-ho) ![Shanghai](/sites/g/files/omnuum3496/files/styles/hwp_16_9__480x270/public/2026-04/AdobeStock_327586052.jpeg?itok=ZVjFKmyW)