Economy and Policy

Coal combustion contributes greatly to the level of CO₂ emissions, air pollution, and health burdens. International trade classifies coal extraction, coal combustion, and the consumption of goods and services separately. A lack of comprehensive analyses...

Increased penetration of renewables has posed a significant influence on the wholesale electricity market. For markets with a limited number of large generation companies, such as China, the manner in which bidding strategies for these companies could...

Addressing the challenge of climate change requires information on how to achieve GHG mitigation at the global scale. Here, we use the latest data available on economic interdependencies between economies as well as the associated emission activities to...

China has launched a comprehensive market-oriented reform of the power sector since 2015 to foster competition and enhance efficiency. This article summarizes the progress, achievements, and challenges of these reforms. Progress has been made in enhancing...

• Captures the beneficial implications of the transition to a carbon-free future, especially for impoverished rural Indian youth
• Provides relevant learnings in the context of urgent and diverse global climate change concerns
• Demonstrates how India can combine...

The urgent challenge posed by climate change has catalyzed global efforts to transition towards sustainable energy sources, with wind power emerging as a pivotal component. However, the rapid expansion of renewable energy sources has raised concerns about...

The causal impacts of aviation on local air pollution are poorly understood. Leveraging variation in aviation frequency caused by COVID-19 travel restrictions that occurred hundreds of miles away between 2020 and 2022, this study identifies the short-run...

We present evidence on the distortions that arise from imperfect regulations compared with market allocation mechanisms. Using a triple difference strategy, we evaluate the effectiveness of the Energy-Saving Generation Dispatch reform in China, which aims...

In an attempt to achieve the positive externalities from a more knowledge-intensive economy, many developing countries have emphasized improvements in their science and technology (S&T) capabilities. China, in particular, has been experiencing an...

A large percentage of total investment in China is allocated by the central government at below-market interest rates in pursuit of non-economic objectives. This has resulted in low rates of return and a high number of non-performing loans, threatening...